GLP-1 medications have now become a popular treatment for Type 2 diabetes, with some GLP-1 medications also approved for obesity. However, studies show potential benefits may extend beyond blood sugar and weight management.

What Are GLP-1 Medications?

GLP-1 medications are a class of drugs that mimic the effects of a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which helps the body regulate blood sugar and appetite. When blood sugar levels are high, GLP-1 medications help the body release more insulin and reduce the release of glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar.

These medications can also support weight management. By slowing digestion and increasing feelings of fullness, they can reduce appetite and food intake, which may lead to weight loss.

What Are the Potential Heart Benefits of GLP-1s?

Cardiovascular disease can lead to serious health problems. Because people with type 2 diabetes and obesity may have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, researchers have been studying whether GLP-1 medications may offer benefits beyond blood sugar and weight management.

Research suggests that GLP-1 receptor agonists may affect several processes involved in cardiovascular health. In addition to helping lower blood sugar and support weight loss, these medications may improve blood vessel function and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. These effects may contribute to a lower risk of major cardiovascular events, including heart attacks, strokes and cardiovascular death.

What To Know Before Taking GLP-1 Medications

Like any medication, GLP-1 medications can cause side effects. Common side effects may include:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Abdominal pain
• Headache
• Decreased appetite
• Reactions at the injection site

Some people may also experience low blood sugar or reduced muscle mass. More serious, but less common, side effects include pancreatitis and gallbladder disease.

Side effects may be more common with higher doses and may improve as your body adjusts to treatment. GLP-1 medications are also intended to be used along with healthy lifestyle habits, including a healthy diet and regular exercise.

If you stop taking a GLP-1 medication, you may regain weight that you lost during treatment.

Is GLP-1 Therapy Right for You?

GLP-1 medications may be helpful for some people, but they are not right for everyone. They are not recommended during pregnancy or for people with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN 2.

If you’re considering GLP-1 therapy, talk with your healthcare professional about your cardiovascular risk, health history and treatment goals. Together, you can determine whether a GLP-1 medication is appropriate for you and how it may fit into your overall care plan.