Angioplasty
An angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that opens blocked arteries. Blockages are caused by plaque buildup, which is composed of cholesterol, calcium and other substances in the blood. If plaque collects on the artery walls, they will narrow, slowing down or decreasing blood flow to a vital organ, damaging it and causing a range of health complications or even death. Angioplasty is typically performed under local anesthesia so the patient remains awake. Learning more about this procedure, when it is needed, how it is performed and more can help you engage more effectively with your healthcare team while planning your course of treatment.
What Is Angioplasty?
Angioplasty aims to open blocked arteries affected by atherosclerosis (plaque buildup) so blood can flow normally. This procedure can help improve blood supply to vital organs and reduce the risk of severe health issues in the targeted area.
When Is Angioplasty Recommended?
Patients can expect a thorough and compassionate approach to their care before receiving an angioplasty procedure at the Vascular Institute of San Antonio. Our medical team conducts a detailed evaluation, including a comprehensive medical history review, to understand any past conditions, surgical procedures or family history of vascular disease. A physical examination is also performed to assess symptoms and signs related to the affected extremity, such as diminished pulses or skin changes. Various tests are conducted to exclude other vascular conditions or problems mimicking circulation issues, ensuring an accurate diagnosis and determining if angioplasty is the most appropriate treatment.
What Happens Before Angioplasty?
Your doctor may ask that you not eat or drink anything a few hours before your procedure. Since angioplasty involves using contrast medium, extra precautions are provided to patients with a history of kidney disease. Patients taking blood-thinning medications may be asked to hold such medicines. Your doctor will discuss your treatment plan with you and whether there are any special precautions you must take. Make sure to inform your doctor of any allergies you might have prior to the procedure.
How Is Angioplasty Performed?
Next, a thin wire is inserted into the catheter and placed across the blockage. Over this wire, a catheter with an expandable balloon at the tip is passed to the blockage. The balloon is inflated, pushing the plaque to the side and opening the artery. Sometimes, a stent (tiny wire mesh) is placed over the balloon and left in place to help keep the artery open. The catheters and balloons are removed once the artery has been adequately opened
How Long Does an Angioplasty Take?
Angioplasty duration may depend on the type of procedure and other factors. In most cases, it can take up to 60 minutes to complete. After removing the catheter from your arm or leg, a healthcare professional will apply pressure to the site for at least 15 minutes to prevent bleeding. If the catheter was placed in your groin, you'll need to stay on your back for several hours to monitor for bleeding or discomfort, whereas arm entry might allow more mobility post-procedure. Blood-thinning medication like aspirin will be prescribed to avoid clotting in the blood vessel. Angioplasty recovery time depends on each patient, so follow all your doctor’s advice and avoid strenuous activities for a couple of days post-angioplasty to help with your recovery.
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